Fastball Curveball Change-up
Pitchers Non-Pitchers p-value/ES(CI) Pitchers Non-Pitchers p-value/ES(CI) Pitchers Non-Pitchers p-value/ES(CI)
Pelvis Rotation Velocity (deg/s) 670
(109)
657
(96)
.398 634
(100)
619
(105)
.424 624
(87)
599
(99)
.122
Trunk Rotation Velocity (deg/s) 1053
(87)
988
(103)
<.0001*
0.71
(0.39, 1.30)
1000
(93)
941
(125)
.005 999
(104)
923
(107)
<.0001*
0.73
(0.38, 1.08)
Time to peak pelvis rotation velocity (s) 810
(741-879)
784
(708-860)
.085 792
(706-878)
771
(684-860)
.545 813
(724-904)
780
(696-864)
.336
Time to peak trunk rotation velocity (s) 832
(769-896)
812
(742-882)
.089 806
(716-896)
808
(744-872)
.485 840
(750-930)
820
(750-890)
.333
Trunk flexion (deg) 23.4
(18.3-27.4)
20.9
(17.1-23.8)
.003 22.2
(17.6-26.8)
18.9
(13.0-24.8)
.004 22.5
(18.7-27.3)
20.4
(14.3-26.5)
.008
Lateral Trunk Tilt (deg) 10.1
(2.3-17.9)
6.9
(1.9-12.0)
.252 9.0
(0-13.8)
4.2
(0-9.9)
.044 5.5
(0-13.9)
4.4
(0-8.9)
.131
Hip Shoulder Separation (deg) 49.1
(41.4-56.7)
43.5
(35.0-52.1)
.084 49.1
(37.8-56.0)
38.0
(30.1-45.9)
.023 44.2
(36.3-52.1)
38.8
(30.6-46.9)
.068
Maximum Elbow Valgus Torque (%BWxH) 3.1
(2.6-3.6)
2.8
(2.2-3.4)
.365 2.9
(2.3-3.3)
2.8
(2.3-3.3)
.233 2.7
(2.2-3.2)
2.5
(2.3-2.9)
.042
Maximum Shoulder Distraction Force (%BW) 120
(104-136)
105
(90-120)
.013 113
(95-130)
94
(84-104)
.120 106
(94-117)
93
(76-110)
.039
Maximum Ground Reaction Force (%BW) 217
(47)
193
(45)
.002 190
(39)
187
(43)
.131 197
(37)
181
(40)
.027